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Issues at Stake in Syria’s Peace Talks

Eric Zuesse, originally posted at strategic-culture.org

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Syria’s peace-talks are about settling a horrific six-year-long war, but this is more of an international war that’s being waged on the battlefields of Syria, than it is a civil war within Syria itself. This fact is often ignored by the press, but the peace-talks are really more between the foreign powers than between their proxies who are killing each other (and Syria’s civilians) within Syria. These peace-talks are international because the principals in this war are international. And, because the principals are international, the principles that are being fought over are, too — they are so basic that the end-result from these talks will be not only some sort of new peace, but some sort of new Constitution for Syria: really a new nation of Syria.
The main issues which are being negotiated at the Syrian Peace Talks that resumed on February 23rd in Geneva, are constitutional in nature: whether Syria is to be governed under Sharia (or Quran-based) law, or whether instead it is to be a multi-ethnic democracy. The Sharia-law side is supported by the United States, Turkey, and the Arabic royal families, who own Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait and Oman, all of which royal families are fundamentalist Sunnis. The multi-ethnic democracy side is supported by Bashar al-Assad (Syria’s current leader), Russia, and Iran.
Some proponents of the Sharia-law side are advocating that Syria be broken up into at least three separate ethnically-defined nations, which then would be Kurdish, Sunni, and Shiite, each of which would be ruled only by its majority ethnicity, just as Israel is ruled by its majority ethnicity, which in Israel’s case is Jewish. (Another prominent recent example was apartheid South Africa, except that in that particular case, it was the White minority who ruled over the Black majority. Of course, those racial laws ended when Blacks there became allowed to vote.)
In essence, the contested polarity is between whether the future of Syria will be as a religious-ethnic dictatorship, versus as a multi-ethnic (including multi-religious) democracy.
All polling of the Syrian people, even during the current war and even performed by Western polling firms, shows a strong preference by the Syrians for a multi-ethnic, entirely non-sectarian, democracy. Moreover, when questioned as to whether they believe this still to be possible for Syria, solid majorities of the Syrian people respond in the affirmative. Generally speaking, they blame, above all, the United States government, as being behind the influx of tens of thousands of jihadists from around the world into Syria to overthrow and replace the Assad government. (Perhaps they don’t so much blame America’s Islamist allies for this invasion by jihadists, because the Sauds etc. are Muslims and mainly Arabs, as Syrians themselves are.)
(In recent years, those findings by the main polling-firm, WIN/Gallup, can be seen here:
2014: http://www.orb-international.com/perch/resources/syriadatatablesjuly2014.pdf
2015: https://www.orb-international.com/perch/resources/syriadata.pdf
2016: https://www.orb-international.com/perch/resources/2016-syria-tabs-weighted.pdf.)
Syrians are the most secular nation in the entire Middle East. The effort by the U.S. and its allies to impose a jihadist government there is not popular with the Syrian people.
In preparation for the current round of U.N.-sponsored Syrian Peace Talks, there was a preliminary peace conference in Astana Kazakhstan, in which the participants were Russia, Iran, Turkey, and Syria; and it produced a strong statement in favor of a multi-ethic, multi-religious, democracy in Syria. Russia also produced there, for future consideration by the Syrian people, a draft Constitution of that type, to be discussed and ultimately voted on by the Syrians.
Agence France Presse reported, on February 12th, that (boldfaces and links here are by me):

Syria’s opposition on Sunday announced its 21-member delegation, including 10 rebel representatives, for a new round of UN-sponsored peace talks in Geneva scheduled for February 20 [subsequently rescheduled for the 23rd].
The delegation will be headed by Nasr al-Hariri , a member of the National Coalition, replacing Assad al-Zoabi, who led the opposition at several previous rounds of talks in Geneva last year.
The delegation’s chief negotiator was named as Mohamed Sabra, a lawyer who was part of the opposition’s technical team during negotiations in Geneva in 2014.
He replaces Mohamad Alloush, a rebel from the powerful Army of Islam faction.
Alloush served as negotiator during three rounds of peace talks in Geneva as well as negotiations in the Kazakh capital Astana in January organised by Turkey and Russia.
Neither Alloush nor the Army of Islam were listed as members of the delegation to Geneva, though it was unclear if the group was boycotting the talks or would be represented by other delegates.
No reason was given for the decision to replace either Zoabi or Alloush.

Alloush had been selected by the Saud family, and so was rejected by Russia, Iran and Syria, at the Astana conference. Turkey at that conference proposed and the others accepted Sabra, who heads the Syrian Republican Party, which was created in 2008 simply to criticize Assad, and didn’t even become active until it received major funding from Turkey and became publicly “founded” in Istanbul in 2014, by members of Turkey’s ruling Justice and Development Party. So: now, instead of Assad negotiating with an agent of the Saud family (Alloush), as had been the case when the U.S. ran the preparations for the peace-process (the process that U.S. President Barack Obama sabotaged on 17 September 2016 and thus brought to an end), Assad is negotiating this time with an agent of the Erdogan family (Sabra), and Russia instead of the U.S. has been running the preparations for the peace-process, which is currently under way at the U.N. in Geneva.
The National Coalition was created on 12 November 2012 by the Saud family and their Gulf Cooperation Council of all of Arabia’s royal families, who own (other than the Sauds’ Saudi Arabia), Qatar, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait and Oman. Nasr al-Hariri, who thus represents those families, heads the delegation of ‘Syrian opposition groups’ that Turkey’s Mohamed Sabra will be negotiating on behalf of. So, actually, Assad will be negotiating against representatives of, and who are negotiating on behalf of, all of the Middle East’s leaders of Sunni-run nations.
Furthermore, “Nasr al-Hariri selected 21 opposition delegates during a meeting of the Syrian opposition in Riyadh in preparation for the talks,” and so the entire selection-process for those ’Syrian opposition’ members was done under the Sauds’ watchful eyes (and money).
Magnanimously, a representative of the National Coalition, who spoke about Russia’s allowing ‘the Syrian opposition groups’ to be selected by Turkey, the Sauds, and the other Middle-Eastern Sunni powers, “called it a ‘sacrifice’ that Russia, which backs the Syrian regime, has offered to Turkey in the hope that in return it would win concessions to make room for the so-called Moscow platform, named after the Syrian parties that are under the political influence of the Kremlin.” (Those are generally the strongest supporters of a secular democratic unified Syria.)
However, on February 24th it was reported that, “Hariri repeated in his news conference that the opposition’s priority was to begin negotiations on a political transition with a transitional governing body, suggesting it would not back down on its demands that Syrian regime leader Bashar al-Assad step down.” The U.S.-Saudi alliance refused for the person whom all polls showed to be overwhelmingly the top choice by Syrians to lead their country — the only person who was wanted by over 50% of the Syrian public to be Syria’s leader — Bashar al-Assad, to be allowed onto the electoral ballot for Syria’s Presidency; they refused to allow democracy in Syria. So, the Sunni powers (which also includes the U.S. as their core military arm) are as steadfast as always, about overthrowing and replacing Syria’s non-sectarian government. And they all blame the main Shiite nation, Iran, for all problems: “‘Iran is the main obstacle to any kind of political deal,’ Hariri said.” To them, this is really a war to conquer Iran; it’s like Christianity’s 30 Years’ War had been in Europe, back in the 1600s. But, of course, it is also what RFK Jr. has appropriately called it — “Syria: Another Pipeline War.” It’s rooted both in religion and in economics.
On January 24th, at the close of the preparatory talks, in Astana, for the current peace talks in Geneva to end Syria’s war, was issued a “Joint Statement by Iran, Russia, Turkey” asserting that they all:

Reaffirm their commitment to the sovereignty, independence, unity and territorial integrity of the Syrian Arab Republic as a multi-ethnic, multi-religious, non-sectarian and democratic State, as confirmed by the UN Security Council.

Russia was the only one of those three nations that also proposed then a specific draft Constitution for postwar Syria. Perhaps that’s because Russia is the only one of these three whose own government and Constitution is entirely secular. Thus, too, Turkey’s key agent at the current Geneva talks, Mohamed Sabra, was reported, back on 17 November 2016 (two months after the U.S. had ended its participation in Syria’s peace process) to have — as Egypt’s Al-Ahram put it — especially criticized Russia’s proposals for “trying to isolate Islamic groups that disagree with the principles of a democratic and secular state, and thus exclude them from the political process. ‘This will lead to a realignment of forces, change the essence of the military conflict in Syria, and sow the seeds of civil war in the country,’ Sabra remarked.” Assuming that Egypt’s main newspaper was accurately paraphrasing and translating what the chief negotiator for the U.S.-and-Sunni alliance actually said, Russia was being criticized there for insisting that what follows after Syria’s war must be controlled entirely by the people of Syria, and not by anyone outside the country — Sabra, the chief negotiator for the U.S.-Sunni alliance, actually was speaking publicly there, against commitment to “the principles of a democratic and secular state.” It’s actually fitting: twice in one day, the Secretary General of the U.N. had criticized the U.S. position for its opposition to democracy in Syria.

Investigative historian Eric Zuesse is the author, most recently, of They’re Not Even Close: The Democratic vs. Republican Economic Records, 1910-2010, and of CHRIST’S VENTRILOQUISTS: The Event that Created Christianity.

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Alan
Alan
Mar 6, 2017 2:11 PM

Odd how we use the term peace talks when such gatherings are an extension of the battlefield. For all the bluster, the will of foreign agents is being imposed upon a republic. The UN is just another tool in the armoury of those foreign agents, an organisation established to further the aims of a ‘peculiar’ ideology, an ideology based upon ‘race’ dominance. Syria will continue to bleed whist rouge nations and organisations applaud themselves in the name of Democracy.

mohandeer
mohandeer
Mar 4, 2017 2:54 AM

Reblogged this on Worldtruth and commented:
Another good ‘un from EZ. Worth a gander as are the comments in response to it.

mohandeer
mohandeer
Mar 4, 2017 2:52 AM

“The multi-ethnic democracy side is supported by Bashar al-Assad (Syria’s current leader), Russia, and Iran.”
Many thanks EZ for another excellent article. I highlighted the above text because I felt there was something missing, possibly just semantics on my part but I would have liked to have seen the words “and the Syrian people” added at the end.
I know you made that point further along in your article but still, they were not included in this particular statement.
Keep up the good work and pleased to see you attracting intelligent comments from Big B, Archie 1954 and Bill

BigB
BigB
Mar 3, 2017 6:09 PM

At the intra-Syria talks, Washington/Riyadh puppet-regime-in-waiting – the High Negotiations Committee – are pushing for an interim terrorist government – theirs. Sweet, so the plan is unchanged – Balkanisation and regime change. I wonder who will get the oil reserves and the transit rights for any pipelines? The Shia, Druze, Alawites, Christians or Kurds? Probably not. The anti-Assad Sunnis and Daesh/AQ will have to fight it out (what, they are on the same side?)
Beyond Daesh/AQ/al Nusra – which, with continued state sponsorship by Washington proxies, is no easily surmounted problem in itself – the long term problem Assad faces, for the stability of any future peace, is that Syria is already part federalised.
Now I am not of the faux-left libtard faction that are cooing about the Rojava Revolution – which is “one of the most liberatory social projects of our time.” Apparently. I do have sympathy with the Kurds, who suffered particularly badly from when globalist Rothschild puppet Winston Churchill drew some random lines on a napkin whilst pissed – effectively dividing their territory between three mandated states. But if the Kurds ever want to get their country back – why have they sold their souls to the US (d)evil?
Their confederation of anarchic autonomous Cantons may sound achingly cool over a frappuccino in NYC or Dalston – and they may be a liberated place to live (for now) – but have the Kurds forgotten their own history? The Brits employed exactly the same tactics of divide and conquer after the 1920 uprising in Mesopotamia. They installed all manner of war lords and tribal leaders, each with a council ruling a small villayet (district) – but when they got out of line Sir Hugh Trenchard or Arthur ‘Obomba’ Harris sent planes to bomb them back to the stone age. That’s how we invented ‘aerial policing’. That is where Harris learnt to do a ‘Dresden’.
[No, despite what some have said, we didn’t use poison gas, but the results were so brutal we may as well had done.]
I read somewhere “that the lesson of lessons learned is that no one learns from lessons learned.”
The other problem is the Turkish invasion, which no one outside Syria is addressing as such. In order to contain the Kurds, Erdogan intends to stay. Toward this end, Vannessa Beeley wrote an article on the Free Syrian Police – unfortunately it is a stub at the moment (but it is well worth watching the video.)
Basically, they are a 6,000 strong paramilitary force, that look more like an army of occupation than public servants (the fact that they are administering vaccines is truly horrific.) – funded by #UKaid. Doesn’t it make you proud to be British?
What with the US and the Saudis ready to send in ground troops, and treasonous traitor, Soros/GWO emissary, and Rider of the Apocalypse John McCain’s recent trip, the prospects of peace look passingly slim, I’m afraid.
http://21stcenturywire.com/2017/01/30/the-free-syrian-police-made-in-the-uk-vanessa-beeley-on-uk-column/

BigB
BigB
Mar 4, 2017 3:47 PM
Reply to  BigB
Yonatan
Yonatan
Mar 3, 2017 3:41 PM

The US/Saudi proxies at Geneva had nothing to say about the liberation of Palmyra from the Wahabbists. The Syrian(*) opposition’s High Negotiating Committee said Assad rescuing Palmyra was akin to watching Tom and Jerry. I challenge them to say that in public in the center of Aleppo once the terrorists are defeated.

may or may not contain trace of Syria

JJA
JJA
Mar 3, 2017 10:59 AM

Syria is not a civil war. It is a war between Assad, the democratically elected head of the Syrian people and a secular state versus the US warmongers on behalf of its leader, Israel.

bill
bill
Mar 3, 2017 10:59 AM

the Syrian people did not ask for any of this….their suffering is immense,immeasurable and yet on they go the US imperialists seeking to manage the fruits of their wicked and egregious interference into yet another sovereign nation, hiding behind their wretched and malicious humanitarianism…
As is commented above the massively damaging effects of US foreign policy have been felt by many unfortunates around the world for decades and observed by 1000,000s more who are laughing in derision at the Oscar award to the White Helmets…. Syria which has held up the true torch of freedom against NATO-sponsored terror should not now in any wise be cheated at the Conference table or many 10,000s of brave soldiers and 100,000s civilians will have died and suffered in vain… the Syrian people must above all else decide what the future is to hold,and one hopes this is unity,regeneration,huge investment,stability and finally some healing….meanwhile the West should hang its head in utter shame.

rtj1211
rtj1211
Mar 2, 2017 11:37 PM

How can it possibly be acceptable for any American to oppose the most popular leader in the eyes of the Syrians? It shows they are anti-democratic imperialists. We all know the Saudis, Qataris ,Bahrainis etc are absolute dictators, so nothing should be expected of them, but America cannot ever again use the term ‘Land of the Free’ if Syrians are not free to select their own leader.
In fact, every time any Americans sing the national anthem, sentient human beings should disrespect it, boo, whistle or scream insults.
Anthems after all mean nothing if their principles are disregarded at the highest levels of leadership.

Martin stanley
Martin stanley
Mar 7, 2017 8:32 PM
Reply to  rtj1211

Precisely. When i hear americans singing the national anthem they appear to be brainwashed … repeating their hypocritic oath, ad nauseum!

archie1954
archie1954
Mar 2, 2017 10:38 PM

The US loves to use proxies where ever possible when destroying other countries. In this case though they made a huge error, they supported, armed and funded a known terrorist group to do their dirty work for them and got caught doing it. They just made America a dirty word to the rest of the World!

summitflyer
summitflyer
Mar 2, 2017 11:26 PM
Reply to  archie1954

How does that saying go “Oh, what a tangled web we weave…when first we practice to deceive.”
Walter Scott Marmion

Martin stanley
Martin stanley
Mar 3, 2017 1:18 AM
Reply to  archie1954

America has been a dirty word to most of the world for many decades, once folk catch on to the bad intent and greed that fuels our evil empire …!